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Section 4:
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[4.55] What updates were made for the 07/96 release?
Global changes:
- Created an extensive subject index
- Added hyper-linked internal cross references throughout
- Changed the name of the document from On-Line C++ FAQs to C++ FAQs Lite
- Created section [23] Inheritance — what your mother never told you
- Split sections [10] Constructors and [11] Destructors into two distinct sections
- Major reorganization of sections [19] Inheritance — basics, [20] Inheritance — virtual functions, [21] Inheritance — proper inheritance and substitutability, and [22] Inheritance — abstract base classes (ABCs)
- Added example code throughout section [32] How to mix C and C++
50 New FAQs:
- [4.55] What updates were made for the 07/96 release?
(created) - [5.5] What do I do if someone else posts a question that's already in the FAQ?
(created) - [5.7] What makes a good Subject: line?
(created) - [6.9] Are virtual functions (dynamic binding) central to OO/C++?
(created) - [6.10] I'm from Missouri. Can you give me a simple reason why virtual functions (dynamic binding) make a big difference?
(created) - [7.6] How can I prevent other programmers from violating encapsulation by seeing the private parts of my class?
(created) - [7.8] Is Encapsulation a Security device?
(created) - [10.4] Is the default constructor for Fred always Fred::Fred()?
(created) - [10.5] Which constructor gets called when I create an array of Fred objects?
(created) - [10.8] What is the "Named Constructor Idiom"?
(created) - [10.11] Why can't I initialize my static member data in my constructor's initialization list?
(created) - [11.2] What's the order that local objects are destructed?
(created) - [11.3] What's the order that objects in an array are destructed?
(created) - [11.4] Can I overload the destructor for my class?
(created) - [11.5] Should I explicitly call a destructor on a local variable?
(created) - [11.6] What if I want a local to "die" before the close } of the scope in which it was created? Can I call a destructor on a local if I really want to?
(created) - [11.7] OK, OK already; I won't explicitly call the destructor of a local; but how do I handle the situation from the previous FAQ?
(created) - [11.8] What if I can't wrap the local in an artificial block?
(created) - [11.9] But can I explicitly call a destructor if I've allocated my object with new?
(created) - [11.10] What is "placement new" and why would I use it?
(created) - [11.11] When I write a destructor, do I need to explicitly call the destructors for my member objects?
(created) - [13.6] Can I overload operator== so it lets me compare two char[] using a string comparison?
(created) - [13.10] How do I create a subscript operator for a Matrix class?
(created) - [13.13] Should I design my classes from the outside (interfaces first) or from the inside (data first)?
(created) - [15.10] How can I provide input for my class Fred?
(created) - [16.6] Do I need to check for NULL after p = new Fred()?
(created) - [16.7] How can I convince my (older) compiler to automatically check new to see if it returns NULL?
(created) - [16.8] Do I need to check for NULL before delete p?
(created) - [16.9] What are the two steps that happen when I say delete p?
(created) - [16.10] In p = new Fred(), does the Fred memory "leak" if the Fred constructor throws an exception?
(created) - [16.13] Can I drop the [] when deleteing an array of some built-in type (char, int, etc)?
(created) - [16.14] After p = new Fred[n], how does the compiler know there are n objects to be destructed during delete[] p?
(created) - [16.22] How do I do simple reference counting?
(created) - [16.23] How do I provide reference counting with copy-on-write semantics?
(created) - [16.24] How do I provide reference counting with copy-on-write semantics for a hierarchy of classes?
(created) - [17.11] How do I change the string-length of an array of char to prevent memory leaks even if/when someone throws an exception?
(created) - [18.15] Why does the compiler allow me to change an int after I've pointed at it with a int const*?
(created) - [22.5] How do you define a copy constructor or assignment operator for a class that contains a pointer to a (abstract) base class?
(created) - [23.10] What does it mean that the "virtual table" is an unresolved external?
(created) - [27.12] Which is better: identifier names that_look_like_this or identifier names thatLookLikeThis?
(created with the help of James Robinson) - [32.1] What do I need to know when mixing C and C++ code?
(created) - [33.5] How can I avoid syntax errors when creating pointers to members?
(created) - [33.6] How can I avoid syntax errors when calling a member function using a pointer-to-member-function?
(created) - [34.2] How can I make a perl-like associative array in C++?
(created) - [37.3] How can I find a Fred object in an STL container of Fred* such as std::vector<Fred*>?
(created) - [37.9] Where can I get tons and tons of more information on C++ class libraries?
(created) - [38.7] How do compilers use "over-allocation" to remember the number of elements in an allocated array?
(created) - [38.8] How do compilers use an "associative array" to remember the number of elements in an allocated array?
(created) - [39.7] Why can't the compiler find my header file in #include "c:\test.h" ?
(created) - [39.8] What are the C++ scoping rules for for loops?
(created)
13 Changed FAQs:
- [5.4] How can I find out about general netiquette so I don't embarrass myself?
(rewritten) - [5.8] How do I post a question about code that doesn't work correctly?
(rewritten) - [7.9] What's the difference between the keywords struct and class?
(rewritten) - [10.12] Why are classes with static data members getting linker errors?
(rewritten) - [11.12] When I write a derived class's destructor, do I need to explicitly call the destructor for my base class?
(added example code to illustrate the compiler's automagic calls to destructors of member objects and base class subobjects) - [15.8] How can I provide printing for my class Fred?
(added example code to illustrate operator<< on an ostream) - [15.11] How can I provide printing for an entire hierarchy of classes?
(moved from the section on Abstraction) - [16.21] How can I force objects of my class to always be created via new rather than as locals or global/static objects?
(added a reference to the Named Constructor Idiom) - [32.2] How can I include a standard C header file in my C++ code?
(rewritten) - [32.3] How can I include a non-system C header file in my C++ code?
(rewritten) - [32.4] How can I modify my own C header files so it's easier to #include them in C++ code?
(rewritten) - [38.11] Is there a yacc-able C++ grammar?
(updated the URL for the yacc-able C++ grammar) - [40.3] Are there any pretty-printers that reformat C++ source code?
(added "C-Clearly" and GNU indent to the list of pretty-printers)